[Revue systématique des tests cognitifs validés et/ou ayant des normes de référence pour la population canadienne francophone âgée].

Il est essentiel d'utiliser des tests cognitifs ayant été validés et détenant des normes de référence auprès de la population cible, puisque les réalités culturelles et linguistiques différentes entre l'échantillon de validation ou auprès duquel les normes ont été créées et la population cible peuvent affecter les résultats. Cette revue systématique vise à recenser et décrire les tests cognitifs (incluant tests, questionnaires et grilles d'observation) validés et/ou présentant des normes sur la population âgée canadienne francophone. Au total, 46 articles ont été sélectionnés. Cette revue recense 9 tests validés, 20 tests avec normes de référence et 18 tests validés et avec normes, couvrant la majorité des domaines cognitifs (fonctions mnésiques, attentionnelles, exécutives, perceptivo-motrices et langagières), excepté la cognition sociale. La quasi-totalité des échantillons ont été recrutés au Québec. Les tests relevés présentent majoritairement des indices psychométriques satisfaisants et généralement des normes considérant l'âge, le sexe et l'éducation. Cette revue systématique permettra aux cliniciens et chercheurs canadiens en vieillissement d'orienter optimalement leurs choix de tests cognitifs.

Labhardt's colpoperineocleisis: subjective results of an alternative treatment for genital prolapse in patients who are not sexually active--2-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Genital prolapse affects up to 50 % of multiparous women and has an impact on quality of life (QoL) for many. Vaginal obliterative techniques are relevant in older patients who are not sexually active. We performed Labhardt's colpoperineocleisis in such patients. The objective was the evaluation of subjective outcomes of this technique using PGI-I. METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis of patients. We performed a bivariate, multivariate analysis, and survival curves for subjective improvement. RESULTS: Seventy-four cases were analyzed. Average age of the patients was 72 years, median parity 4, 95.9 % POP-Q stage III or IV, anterior leading edge defect in 61.1 %. Operating time: 54 min, estimated blood loss 70 ml, no intraoperative complications, 12 patients had protocol deviations with changes in the recommended type of suture. Median hospital stay was 2 days and average follow-up 24.9 months. There was 13.5 % anatomical recurrence, 3 of which (30 %) were in patients with protocol deviations. 1.9 % developed clinically significant de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI). PGI-I: 64 (86 %) reported subjective improvement and 10 did not. In the subjective improvement group, 98.4 % reported being very much or much better. In the non-subjective improvement group 80 % reported that they were the same as before surgery and 20 % were worse. In bivariate analysis anatomical recurrence showed significance and persisted after multivariate analysis with an OR of 8322 for subjective failure. CONCLUSION: Labhardt's colpoperineocleisis is a safe technique with good subjective results. It has few complications, an acceptable recurrence rate, and a low rate of de novo SUI. It may be important to use the #0 or #1 polydioxanone sutures, as these are associated with better outcomes in this series. Comparative studies with other obliterative techniques are needed.

Elevada frecuencia de enfermedad tiroidea funcional en embarazadas chilenas sin antecedentes de patología tiroidea utilizando el estándar de TSH internacional / Frequency of subclinical thyroid problems among women during the first trimester of pregnancy

Background: Thyroid hormones play an important role in fetal neural and cognitive development. Therefore thyroid abnormalities should be detected and treated early during pregnancy. Aim: To assess the frequency and risk factors for functional thyroid disorders during the first trimester of pregnancy. Material and Methods: A blood sample was obtained from women during their first trimester of pregnancy, consulting in a prenatal care facility. Women with known thyroid diseases were excluded from the study. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4) were measured by electrochemoluminiscence. Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti TPO) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results: Five hundred and ten women aged 25.7 ± 6.6 years were assessed. The frequency of clinical hypothyroidism was 0.6%, subclinical hypothyroidism 35.3% and clinical hyperthyroidism 1%. Five percent of women with hypothyroidism and 3.5% of euthyroid women had positive anti TPO antibodies. There was no association between the frequency of thyroid diseases and risk factors for thyroid diseases. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of subclinical thyroid diseases among women consulting in this prenatal care clinic.

[Frequency of subclinical thyroid problems among women during the first trimester of pregnancy]. / Elevada frecuencia de enfermedad tiroidea funcional en embarazadas chilenas sin antecedentes de patología tiroidea utilizando el estándar de TSH internacional.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones play an important role in fetal neural and cognitive development. Therefore thyroid abnormalities should be detected and treated early during pregnancy. AIM: To assess the frequency and risk factors for functional thyroid disorders during the first trimester of pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A blood sample was obtained from women during their first trimester of pregnancy, consulting in a prenatal care facility. Women with known thyroid diseases were excluded from the study. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4) were measured by electrochemoluminiscence. Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti TPO) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Five hundred and ten women aged 25.7 ± 6.6 years were assessed. The frequency of clinical hypothyroidism was 0.6%, subclinical hypothyroidism 35.3% and clinical hyperthyroidism 1%. Five percent of women with hypothyroidism and 3.5% of euthyroid women had positive anti TPO antibodies. There was no association between the frequency of thyroid diseases and risk factors for thyroid diseases. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high frequency of subclinical thyroid diseases among women consulting in this prenatal care clinic.

Insulino resistencia en la mujer / Insulin resistance in woman

La insulino resistencia es una patología de inicio habitualmente silenciosa, de causa tanto genéticas como adquiridas, que va desencadenando una serie de procesos fisiopatológicos hasta derivar en una Diabetes mellitus tipo II. Su diagnóstico depende de la sospecha clínica y de la acusiosidad en la interpretación de los resultados de exámenes específicos. Su tratamiento se basa en cambios de hábitos de ejercicio y alimentarios, siendo necesario en un gran porcentaje de los casos apoyarse en tratamiento farmacológico, el cual debe individualizarse según el tipo de paciente. En el presente documento se revisa la fisiopatología del síndrome, su diagnóstico y alternativas terapéuticas. Diferencias en la composición de la masa corporal en la mujer ha sido relacionada con mortalidad, cardiopatía coronaría, patología biliar, algunos cánceres, osteoporosis y artritis tanto en la pre como en la postmenopáusica (1-4). Adicionalmente alteraciones en la composición de la masa corporal se asocia con varias características metabólicas negativas como la intolerancia a la glucosa, hiperinsulinemia, hipertrigliceridemia, bajos niveles de HDL y leptina (5, 6). Durante los últimos 20 años ha quedado claramente establecido que las implicancias clínicas de la insulino resistencia van mucho más allá de la diabetes, interesando no sólo a los endocrinólogos y cardiólogos, sino cada vez efectando más a los ginecólogos desde patologías tan comunes como el síndrome de ovario poliquístico hiperinsulinémico (7), hasta pacientes perimenopáusicas con alteraciones metabólicas prediabéticas (8)

Resultado materno y perinatal en recién nacidos macrosómicos: estudio caso y control / Maternal and perinatal result in macrosomic newborns: case and control study

La macrosomía fetal se considera un factor de riesgo para parto operatorio, asfixia intraparto y traumatismo obstétrico. Algunos recomiendan la operación cesárea para prevenir o reducir esas complicaciones. Se presenta el resultado materno y perinatal de 275 recién nacidos (RM) macrosómicos comparados con un grupo control.Hubo un 8,2 por ciento de macrosomía durante el período estudiado. La ganancia de peso, polihidroamnios y factores de riesgo para diabetes gestacional tuvieron diferencias significativas. No hubo diferencias significativas entre diabetes gestacional, inercia uterina, endometritis postparto, infección de herida operatoria y días de hospitalización. La resolución vaginal del parto y el número de cesáreas fue similar en ambos grupos. Tampoco hubo diferencias en el Apgar al minuto y cinco minutos de vida. Sólo hubo diferencias en la retención de hombros. En conclusión, los RN macrosómicos no tiene una morbimortalidad materna y perinatal superior a la población general, que desaconseje un intento de parto vaginal mediante una prueba de parto vigilada